Phrasal verbs

They broke in the door.

They broke in through the window.

When a pronoun is used instead of a noun, it usually stands between the verb and the postposition:

They brought up their three sons in Italy

They brought them up in Italy

Fill out the form. Fill it out.

In spoken English, a direct object in the form of a short noun or someone's name may also stand between the verb

and the postposition:

Let in Anna Blake. Let Anna Blake in.

But the postposition shouldn't be placed too far from the verb or separated from it by intonation, because they create the meaning of the phrasal verb together.

Many verbs with postpositions, especially the verbs of motion, are also used in the literal meaning of the phrasal verb:

Put your boots out, I'll clean them.

Don't forget to put out the light before you leave.

Look up the new words.

He stopped reading and looked up.

The phrasal verb "put out" in the first sentence literally means "put outside" and is the sum of the meanings of "put" and "out". The phrasal verb "put out" in the second sentence is idiomatic, because it means "extinguish (the light, fire or cigarette)" and is not the sum of the literal meanings of "put" and "out".

The phrasal verb "look up" in the first sentence is idiomatic, because it means "find in a reference book" and is not the sum of the literal meanings of "look" and "up". The phrasal verb "look up" in the second sentence literally means "look up" and is the sum of the meanings of "look" and "up".

The literal meanings of verbs with postpositions present no difficulty for understanding. The literal meanings of the postpositions in such phrasal verbs often correspond to the meaning of prefixes in Russian verbs, for example: come in, go out, run out, give away, turn away, etc.

But verbs with postpositions very rarely, if ever, have only the literal meaning or only one meaning. Verbs with postpositions are verbs with several idiomatic meanings, and this means that they can be used in different situations instead of more specific verbs.

Verbs with postpositions are mostly used in simple tenses. Verbs with postpositions are usually less formal than their one-word synonyms and because of that they are widely used in conversational English.

There is a variation (or combination) of the two basic structures described above, in which a verb with a postposition takes a preposition and a suitable noun after it, for example:

I'm looking forward to your letter.

She walked out on him.

He is through with the report.

So, in the chapter one I tried to give common definition to verbs, its function on the English grammar. Also I gave a History and a definition of Phrasal verb and its categories, classification and the basic structure of Phrasal verbs.[6]

CHAPTER II. ENGLISH PHRASAL VERBS LISTS.

2.1 List of Phrasal Verbs

In this chapter we tried to show different of the meanings of Phrasal verbs which depend on preposition: [7][4][10]

Phrasal verbs with the preposition "on" which express:

beginning something:

come on Just as I entered the house, all the lights came on.

catch on I don't think this strange new fashion catches on.

bring on The waiter brought the next dish on.

continuing with something:

go on We begin work at 12 and go on till half-past one.

keep on Keep on with your studies, however hard it

sometimes seems.

stay on You're supposed to stop work here when you're 65,

but many people are allowed to stay on.

drag on The writer dragged on an unhappy existence for many

years until in the end she killed herself.

"Progressing"

move on Let's move on to the business of the meeting.

get on It is getting on for supper-time.

come on A storm is coming on.

"Wearing"

put on He put his coat on hurriedly and ran out of the house.

try on She tried on new dress and shoes

throw on Mr. Smith threw on the coat and disappeared

slip on He stopped only long enough to slip a coat on.

On - Other meanings

look on Two men stole the jewels while a large crowd looked on

pick on Pick on one job and get it done.

take on Don't take on so!

Phrasal Verbs with "In"

"Arriving/Entering"

come in "Come in!" called the director when he heard the knock at his door.

drop in Let's drop in on Jim and Mary

pop in One of the guests popped in to say goodbye

get in Please get the children in, their dinner's ready.

check in Has Mr. Light checked in at the hotel yet?

"Beginning"

bring in We may have to bring extra workers in to help us with this big job.

phase in The teacher phase in the children to the new game.

set in Rain set in.

"Being involved"

call in The director has just called in to say that he'll be late.

fill in I'm just filling in here temporarily.

put in I put in two hours on my English studies every day.

join in He joins in our conversation

go in for How long has Jim gone in for collection stamps?

"Collapsing/Surrendering"

cave in The last firm he worked for caved in

do in You'd better go ahead; I'm done in and must rest

here.

give in The two boys fought until one gave in.

chuck in Jim has chucked in his studies.

"Understanding"

sink in You could see how his cheeks had sunk in.

take in I was taken in by his appearance.

Phrasal Verbs with "Up"

"Increasing/Improving"

go up The barometer is going up at a tremendous rate

grow up When Jack grows up he wants to be a fireman

pick up Jim dropped his pen and bent to pick it up.

push up Shops are no longer allowed to push up their prices

speed up The tempo of music speeds up

bump up Two more good results will bump up your average.

brush up I must brush up my French.

do up But who is to do up your room every day?

dress up Mary (was) dressed up for the party.

"Completing/Finishing"

use up John felt used up

clear up When you've finished your meal, please clear up the kitchen.

drink up Drink up, then I'll refill your glass.

end up Be careful, you could end up by getting hurt.

follow up The director will follow up the committee's suggestions.

"Damaging/Disrupting"

blow up It looks as if it's blowing up for severe weather.

break up In spring the ice on the Great Lakes breaks up.

wind up I'm afraid he's wound up.

mess up She really messed up my life.

mix up My papers are all mixed up.

slip up Someone must have slipped up.

 Скачать реферат