Phonetics as a branch of linguistics

In accordance with their linguistic function the organs of speech may be grouped.

The following four main types of phonetics may be distinguished:

1. Special phonetics;

2. General Phonetics.

3. Descriptive Phonetics.

4. Historical or Diachronical Phonetics.

5. Comparative - Typological Phonetics.

According to their functions phonetic units - sounds, syllables, stress

and intonation can be described linguistically and classified to some groups or subgroups.

Phonetics in the wider sense includes phonology as distinct from morphology, syntax and stylistics.

The oldest, simplest and most readily available method is the method of direct observation. Objective methods involve the use of various instrumental techniques. The methods of investigation used in phonetics vary, but there are three principal methods: (1) the direct observation method; (2) the linguistic method; (3) the experimental method.

The term phonics during the 19th century and into the 1970s was used as a synonym of phonetics. The use of the term in reference to the method of teaching is dated to 1901 by the OED.

Phonetics was studied as early as 2500 B.C. in ancient India, with Pāṇini's account of the place and manner of articulation of consonants in his 5th century BC treatise on Sanskrit.

The Ancient Greeks are credited as the first to base a writing system on a phonetic alphabet. Modern phonetics began with Alexander Melville Bell, whose Visible Speech (1867) introduced a system of precise notation for writing down speech sounds.

English consonants have been remarkably stable over time, and have undergone few changes in the last 1500 years.

Around the late 14th century, English began to undergo the Great Vowel Shift.

Later developments complicate the picture: Geoffrey Chaucer and William Shakespeare added theirs contribution in pronunciation.

Thus, we can draw a conclusion. The course paper is dedicated to the theme Phonetics as a branch of linguistic. Today, this theme is one of the most interesting, disputable and important problems of theoretical phonetics of modern English.

IV.BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Abduazimov A. A. T., 2006 “Theoretical Course”;

2. Alimardanov R. A. T., 2009 “Pronunciation Theory of English”;

3. Crystal, David Camb., 1997 “English as a Global Language”;

4. Leontyeva S. F. M., 2002 “Theoretical Course of English Phonetics”;

5. Sokolova M. A. M., 1994 “Theoretical Phonetics of English”;

6. Vasslyev V. A. M., 1970 “Theoretical Course”.

7. http://www.experiencefestival.com;

8. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language;

9. http://studentguide.ru;

10. http://www.durov.com.

[1] Alimardanov R. A. T., 2009 “A pronunciation Theory of English”

[2] Sokolova M. A. M., 1994 “Theoretical Phonetics in English”

[3] Alimardanov R. A. T., 2009 “A pronunciation Theory of English”

[4] Abdulazizov A. A. T., 2006 “Theoretical Course”

[5] Abdulazizov A. A. T., 2006 “Theoretical Course”

[6] Alimardanov R. A. T., 2009 “A pronunciation Theory of English”

[7] Vassilyev V. A. M., 1970 “Theoretical Course”

[8] Leontyeva S. F. M., 2002 “Theoretical Course of English Phonetics”

[9] Leontyeva S. F. M., 2002 “Theoretical Course of English Phonetics”

 Скачать реферат