Фразеологизмы - как минимальные единицы перевода

В работе были выявлены следующие средства оформления эмоционально-эстетической информации: эпитеты, метафоры, оксюмороны, эмоционально окрашенная лексика. При переводе данных языковых средств были использованы лексические трансформации: добавление, опущение, замена – конкретизация, генерализация, целостное преобразование. Эмоционально-окрашенная лексика была передана с помощью функциональных со

ответствий. Важным средством создания эмоциональной тональности произведения являются ФЕ.

При переводе ФЕ, особое внимание было уделено передачи эмоционально-стилистического компонента значения. В результате было выявлено пятнадцать ФЕ, три из которых передаются прямыми соответствиями (фразеологическим эквивалентом), шесть фразеологическим аналогом, при этом эмоциональная окраска, единиц оригинала, сохраняется, две ФЕ были переведены с помощью описательного перевода и оставшиеся три методом контекстуальной замены и генерализации. Наиболее часто применялись метод контекстуальной замены (генерализация) и перевод фразеологическим аналогом.

Подводя итог можно сделать вывод, что основная трудность при переводе фразеологизмов связана со стилистической недифференцированностью и многозначностью. Такие фразеологизмы наиболее трудно перевести т.к. они имеют несколько значений в зависимости от сферы употребления, а в зависимости от контекста имеют противоположные значения. Перевод такой образной фразеологии осуществляется методом контекстуальной замены, а именно с помощью целостного преобразования.

Список литературы.

1. Виноградов В.В. Основные понятии фразеологии как лингвистической дисциплины.// Избранные труды. Лексикология и лексикография.- М., 1997.

2. Голикова Ж.А. Перевод с английского на русский.Учеб. пособие- 2-е изд., испр., - М.: Новое издание, 2004.- 287с.

3. Дмитриева Л.Ф., Кунцевич С.Е, Мартинкевич Е. А, Смирнова Н. Ф. Английский язык- Курс перевода. Книга для студентов Москва- Ростов- на- Дону. 2005.

4. Комиссаров В.Н. Современное переводоведение. Учебное пособие. – М .: ЭТС.- 2002.- 424с.

5. Кунин А.В. Курс фразеологии современного английского языка.Москва, « Высшая школа», Дубна, Издательский центр « Феникс».1996г.

6. Рецкер Я. И. Теория перевода и переводческая практика./Изд. Международных отношений. М.: 1979.

7. Солодуб Ю.П.

8. Тюленев С.В. Теория перевода: Учебное пособие.- М.: Гардарики, 2004.- 336с.

9. Шадрин Н.Л. Перевод фразеологических единиц и сопоставительная стилистика. Издательство Саратовского университета.1991.

Приложение 1.

PeterPan.

(p. 46)

Indeed, sometimes when he returned he did not remember them, at least not well. Wendy was sure of it. She saw recognition come into his eyes as he was about to pass them the time of day and go on; once even she had to tell him her name.

‘ I’m Wendy’, she said agitatedly.

He was very sorry. I’ say, Wendy’, he whispered to her, ‘ always if you see me forgetting you, just keep on saying “ I’m Wendy”, and then I’ll remember’.

(p. 52)

The first to pass is Tootles, not the least brave but the most unfortunate of all that gallant band. He had been in fewer adventures than any of them, because the big things constantly happened just when he had stepped round the corner; all would be quiet, he would take the opportunity of going off to gather a few sticks for firewood, and then when he returned the others would be sweeping up the blood. The ill luck had given a gentle melancholy to his countenance, but instead of souring his nature had sweetened it, so that he was quiet the humblest of the boys. Poor kind Tootles, there is danger in the air for you tonight. Take care lest an adventure is now offered you, which, if accepted, will plunge you in deepest woe. Tootles, the fairy Tink, who is bend on mischief this night, is looking for a tool, and she thinks you the most easily tricked of the boys. ‘ Ware Tinker Bell.

(p. 160)

Nor was this all that Peter did to gain the powerful old fellow’s good-will. You must know that Solomon had no intention of remaining in office all his life. He looked forward to retiring by and by, and devoting his green old age to a life of pleasure and for years he had been quietly filling his stocking. When his stocking was full, Solomon calculated that he would be able to retire on a competency. Peter now gave hum a pound. He cut it off his bank-note with a sharp stick. This made Solomon his friend for ever, and after the two had consulted together they called a meeting of the thrushes. You will see presently why thrushes only were invited.

The strange case of DR. Jekill and MR. Hyde.

(p.110)

Mr.Utterson the lower was a man of a rugged countenance, that was never lighted by a smile; cold, scanty, and embarrassed in discourse; backward in sentiment; lean, long, dusty, dreary, and yet somehow lovable. At friendly meetings, and when the wine was to his taste, something eminently human beaconed from his eye; something indeed which never found its into his talk, but which spoke not only in these silent symbols of the after-dinner face, but more often and loudly in the acts of his life. He was austere with himself; drank gin when he was alone, to mortify a taste for vintages; and though he enjoyed the theatre, had not crossed the doors of one for twenty years. But he had an approved tolerance for others; sometimes wondering, almost with envy, at the high pressure of spirits involved in their misdeeds; and in any extremity inclined to help rather than to reprove. “ I incline to Cain’s heresy’, he used to say quaintly; “ I let my brother go to the devil in his own way”.

(p.111)

It chanced on one of these rambles that their way led them down a by-street in a busy quarter of London. The street was small and what is called quiet, but it drove a thriving trade on the week-days. The inhabitants were all doing well, it seemed, and all emulously hoping to do better still, and laying out the surplus of their gains in coquetry; so that the shop fronts stood along that thoroughfare with an air of invitation, like rows of smiling sales-women. Even on Sunday, when it veiled its more florid charms and lay comparatively empty of passage, the street shone out in contrast to its dingy neighbourhood, like a fire in a forest; and with its freshly-painted shutters, well-polished brasses, and general cleanliness and gaiety of note, instantly caught and pleased the eye of the passenger.

(p. 113)

“ Well, it was this way, “ returned Mr.Enfield : “ I was coming home from some place at the end of the world, about three o’clock of a black winter morning, and my way lay through a part of town where there was literally nothing to be seen but lamps. Street after street, and all the folks asleep- street after street, all lighted up as if for a procession, and all as empty as church- till at last I got into that state of mind when a man listens and listens and begins to long for the sight of a policeman. All at once, I saw two figures: one a little man who was stumping along eastward at a good walk, and the other a girl of maybe eight or ten who was running as hard as she was able down a cross street. Well, sir, enough at the corner; and then came the horrible part of the thing; for the man trampled calmly over the child’s body and left her screaming on the ground. It sounds nothing to hear, but it was hellish to see. It wasn’t like a man; it was like some damned Juggernaut. I gave a view halloa, took to my heels, collared my gentleman, and brought him back to where there was already quite a group about the screaming child. He was perfectly cool and made no resistance, but gave me one look, so ugly that it brought out the sweat on me like running. The people who had turned out were the girl’s own family and pretty soon the doctor, for whom she had been sent, put in his appearance. Well, the child was not much the worse, more frightened, according to the Sawbones; and there you might have supposed would be an end to it. But there was one curious circumstance. I had taken a loathing to my gentleman at first sight.

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